Single Input Single Head CNN-GRU-LSTM Architecture for Recognition of Human Activities

Due to its applications for the betterment of human life, human activity recognition has attracted more researchers in the recent past. Anticipation of intension behind the motion and behaviour recognition are intensive applications for research inside human activity recognition. Gyroscope, accelerometer, and magnetometer sensors are heavily used to obtain the data in time series for every timestep. The selection of temporal features is required for the successful recognition of human motion primitives. Different data pre-processing and feature extraction techniques were used in most past approaches with the constraint of sufficient domain knowledge. These approaches are heavily dependent on the quality of handcrafted features and are also time-consuming and not generalized. In this paper, a single head deep neural network-based approach with the combination of a convolutional neural network, Gated recurrent unit, and Long Short Term memory is proposed. The raw data from wearable sensors are used with minimum pre-processing steps and without the involvement of any feature extraction method. 93.48 % and 98.51% accuracy are obtained on UCI-HAR and WISDM datasets. This single-head deep neural network-based model shows higher classification performance over other architectures under deep neural networks

Electron impact ionization cross-sections for CH3 and SiH3 radical targets

Single differential cross sections as a function of secondary electron energy at fixed incident electron energies 100 and 200 eV for the targeted molecule CH3 and SiH3 have been evaluated by using a modified Jain-Khare semi-empirical approach. The integral or total electron-impact ionization cross-sections and the averaged energy loss from differential ionization cross-sections are calculated for incident electron energy from the ionization threshold to the 5 keV regimes. The temperature-dependent ionization rate coefficient is also calculated from total ionization cross-sections and Maxwell-Boltzmann electron energy distribution.The calculated values of total ionization cross sections corresponding to (e, 2e) processes for CH3 and SiH3 molecules are in good accord with available theoretical and experimental results

Assessment, endoscopy, and treatment in patients with acute severe ulcerative colitis during the COVID-19 pandemic (PROTECT-ASUC): a multicentre, observational, case-control study

BackgroundThere is a paucity of evidence to support safe and effective management of patients with acute severe ulcerative colitis during the COVID-19 pandemic. We sought to identify alterations to established conventional evidence-based management of acute severe ulcerative colitis during the early COVID-19 pandemic, the effect on outcomes, and any associations with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and severe COVID-19 outcomes. MethodsThe PROTECT-ASUC study was a multicentre, observational, case-control study in 60 acute secondary care hospitals throughout the UK. We included adults (≥18 years) with either ulcerative colitis or inflammatory bowel disease unclassified, who presented with acute severe ulcerative colitis and fulfilled the Truelove and Witts criteria. Cases and controls were identified as either admitted or managed in emergency ambulatory care settings between March 1, 2020, and June 30, 2020 (COVID-19 pandemic period cohort), or between Jan 1, 2019, and June 30, 2019 (historical control cohort), respectively. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with acute severe ulcerative colitis receiving rescue therapy (including primary induction) or colectomy. The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04411784. FindingsWe included 782 patients (398 in the pandemic period cohort and 384 in the historical control cohort) who met the Truelove and Witts criteria for acute severe ulcerative colitis. The proportion of patients receiving rescue therapy (including primary induction) or surgery was higher during the pandemic period than in the historical period (217 [55%] of 393 patients vs 159 [42%] of 380 patients; p=0·00024) and the time to rescue therapy was shorter in the pandemic cohort than in the historical cohort (p=0·0026). This difference was driven by a greater use of rescue and primary induction therapies with biologicals, ciclosporin, or tofacitinib in the COVID-19 pandemic period cohort than in the historical control period cohort (177 [46%] of 387 patients in the COVID-19 cohort vs 134 [36%] of 373 patients in the historical cohort; p=0·0064). During the pandemic, more patients received ambulatory (outpatient) intravenous steroids (51 [13%] of 385 patients vs 19 [5%] of 360 patients; p=0·00023). Fewer patients received thiopurines (29 [7%] of 398 patients vs 46 [12%] of 384; p=0·029) and 5-aminosalicylic acids (67 [17%] of 398 patients vs 98 [26%] of 384; p=0·0037) during the pandemic than in the historical control period. Colectomy rates were similar between the pandemic and historical control groups (64 [16%] of 389 vs 50 [13%] of 375; p=0·26); however, laparoscopic surgery was less frequently performed during the pandemic period (34 [53%] of 64] vs 38 [76%] of 50; p=0·018). Five (2%) of 253 patients tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 during hospital treatment. Two (2%) of 103 patients re-tested for SARS-CoV-2 during the 3-month follow-up were positive 5 days and 12 days, respectively, after discharge from index admission. Both recovered without serious outcomes. InterpretationThe COVID-19 pandemic altered practice patterns of gastroenterologists and colorectal surgeons in the management of acute severe ulcerative colitis but was associated with similar outcomes to a historical cohort. Despite continued use of high-dose corticosteroids and biologicals, the incidence of COVID-19 within 3 months was low and not associated with adverse COVID-19 outcomes